Many of you may not be aware of the 30/60 day rule. The Department of State in its Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) has a section on willful misrepresentations. Part of this section describes how to determine willful misrepresentations in the case of people who enter the US on a non-immigrant visa but then undertake activities which contradict that status. A good example is if someone enters the US on a tourist visa and then marries a US Citizen or begins to work without authorization. Under its old rule, the Department of State would consider such activities as prima facie evidence of a willful misrepresentation if the activities occurred within 30 days of entry on the non-immigrant visa. If the events occurred within 60 days of entry, they would not constitute prima facie evidence of a willful misrepresentation, however, if the facts of the case give the officer a reasonable belief that a misrepresentation was made they should ask for countervailing evidence from the foreigner. If the activity took place more than 60 days after entry, then actual evidence of a misrepresentation would be needed. DOS has now amended this section, and, instead, instituted a 90 day rule
The new rule states that if someone enters the US on a non-immigrant visa and undertakes certain types of activities (working without permission, undertaking a course of study (if not authorized to do so), marrying a US Citizen (only visas that require non-immigrant intent – including B and F visas), undertaking any other activity for which a change of status or adjustment of status would be required (and no such change of status or adjustment has been made) within 90 days, there will be a presumption that the person made a willful misrepresentation.
It is important to remember a few points here:
- This is a Department of State Rule, and, USCIS has not yet adopted it. While USCIS has followed the 30/60 rule in the past, they did not consider it a bright line rule, rather one factor to look at. In addition, they were much less likely to apply to marriage based cases based upon the date of marriage (they more looked at the date the I-130 was filed). This is not to say individual officers did not apply the previous rules more strictly, but overall, USCIS did not use it a bright line test.
- The 90 day rule applies to when the activity occurred. For example, in terms of a marriage based case, even waiting until 91 days has passed and then filing the I-130 does not matter if the marriage took place at day 34 – DOS would look at the date of the marriage and there would be a presumption of a willful misrepresentation.
- It is a presumption, not a definite finding. In other words, you can still try to rebut the presumption if you have convincing evidence to show that you did not intend to undertake the activity when you applied for the Visa and entered the US.
- In terms of the marriage piece, this does not apply to those on H-1Bs, E visas, L Visas. K visas, O visas, and any other nonimmigrant visa that allows dual intent to one degree or another.
We will certainly be watching both USCIS and DOS and let you know any additional information about how this new rule is implemented.
Please remember, as always, this blog does not offer legal advice. If you need legal advice, consult with a lawyer instead of a blog. Thank you.
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